Hydrogen iodide and ammonium hydroxide is a strong acid and weak base respectively. Let us study some more facts about the reaction between HI and NH4OH.
HI and NH4OH are inorganic compounds. HI appears as colourless to yellow liquid with a pungent odour. HI is a covalently bonded molecule which is present in both, aqueous solution as hydroiodic acid and gaseous form as hydrogen iodide. NH4OH is a colourless aqueous solution.
This article will focus on some properties about the reaction between HI + NH4OH, such as reaction enthalpy, intermolecular forces, conjugate pairs, etc.
What is the product of HI and NH4OH
Ammonium iodide (NH4I) and water (H2O) are formed when hydrogen iodide reacts with ammonium hydroxide.
HI + NH4OH = NH4I + H2O
What type of reaction is HI + NH4OH
The reaction between hydrogen iodide and ammonium hydroxide is a neutralisation reaction, as an acid reacts with a base (or alkali) to form salt and water.
How to balance HI + NH4OH
The equation for the reaction HI + NH4OH is balanced using the following steps.
- The general equation is HI + NH4OH = NH4I + H2O.
- Calculate the number of moles of each element involved in both the reactant and the product side of the reaction.
| Elements | Number of moles of each element on the reactant side | Number of moles of each element on the product side |
|---|---|---|
| H | 6 | 6 |
| I | 1 | 1 |
| N | 1 | 1 |
| O | 1 | 1 |
- The number of moles on the reactant side are equal to the number of moles on the product side.
- The given reaction is balanced and can be given as;
HI + NH4OH = NH4I + H2O
HI + NH4OH titration
The strength of HI can be determined by performing the titration between a strong acid and a weak base.
Apparatus used
Burette, 20ml pipette, conical flask, wash bottle, burette stand, beakers, measuring cylinder, measuring flask, funnel, glass rod.
Indicator
Methyl orange is used as an indicator to detect the presence of end point in the titration.
Procedure
- Fill the burette with 0.1M freshly prepared NH4OH solution.
- With the help of a pipette, take 20ml of HI in a clean conical flask.
- A few drops of methyl orange indicator are added to the flask containing HI.
- Run the NH4OH solution dropwise from the burette into the flask with constant shaking until the colour of the solution changes.
- The change in colour is the end point of the titration.
- Repeat the procedure for three concordant readings.
HI + NH4OH net ionic equation
The net ionic equation is;
H+(aq) + OH–(aq) = H2O(l)
Below are the steps to determine the net ionic equation;
- Write the balanced chemical equation with its physical states (s, l, g, and aq).
- HI(aq) + NH4OH(aq) = NH4I(aq) + H2O(l)
- Split the substances in their ionic form.
- H+ + I– + NH4+ + OH– = NH4+ + I– + H2O
- Cancel the same ions on both sides of the equation.
- The remaining substances constitute the net ionic equation.
- H+(aq) + OH–(aq) = H2O(l)
HI + NH4OH conjugate pairs
The conjugate pair of HI and NH4OH are given below:
- I– ion is the conjugate base of HI.
- NH4+ is the conjugate acid of ammonia.
HI and NH4OH intermolecular forces
The intermolecular forces between HI and NH4OH are described below:
- The dipole-dipole interactions and London Dispersion forces are the intermolecular forces present in HI.
- In NH4OH, the intermolecular hydrogen bonds exist.
- In NH4I molecules, there exist an ionic bond as the intermolecular forces, which is formed by the reaction between HI and NH4OH.
HI + NH4OH reaction enthalpy
The reaction enthalpy between HI and NH4OH is -152.52772.
Is HI + NH4OH a buffer solution
The mixture HI + NH4OH is not a buffer solution. This is due to the presence of strong acid HI.
Is HI + NH4OH a complete reaction
HI and NH4OH is not a complete reaction, as NH4OH is a weak base. It does not ionise completely and remains in the solution.
Is HI + NH4OH an exothermic reaction
HI + NH4OH is an exothermic reaction because the reaction enthalpy is negative and heat is released during this process.
Is HI + NH4OH a redox reaction
HI + NH4OH is not a redox reaction because there is no change in the oxidation state of each species in the reactant and product.
Is HI + NH4OH a precipitation reaction
HI + NH4OH is not a precipitation reaction because all the products that are formed in the reaction are soluble in water and no precipitate is formed after the completion of the reaction.
Is HI + NH4OH irreversible reaction
HI + NH4OH is an irreversible reaction because of the presence of HI. A strong acid favours the forward reaction.
Is HI + NH4OH displacement reaction
HI + NH4OH is a double displacement reaction where NH4+ displaces hydrogen from hydroiodic acid and combines with iodine to form a salt, ammonium iodide. H+ combines with OH– to form water.
Conclusion
NH4I formed by the reaction of HI + NH4OH is used as a component of textile dye. It is an inorganic compound that is visible in the form of a white crystalline powder.
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